Current Issue : April-June Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 2 Articles : 3 Articles
For the plant growth required Nutrients through the natural processes of nitrogen fixation, solubilizing phosphorus and stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth-promoting substances. Biofertilizer are produced form a wide variety of microbial cells such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, blue green algae and cynobacteria. In the present review the biofertilizer produced by Rhizobium of soil through biofilm forming bacteria. Microbial communities attached to surfaces, or Biofilms, are found in many environments. Including the soil this chapter describes the potential applications of developed Biofilms as biofertilizer in crop Production. Formation of fungal–bacterial biofilm (FBBs) by bacterial colonization on biotic fungal Surfaces gives the Biofilms enhanced metabolic activities compared to monocultures. Incorporation of a Nitrogen (N2)-fixing rhizobial strain to FBBs to form fungal–rhizobial Biofilms (FRBs) has been shown to improve potential biofilm applications in N-deficient settings and in the production of biofilmed inocula for biofertilizer and biocontrol in plants. Isolation of biofertilizer from rhizobacteria is very helpful to detect the activity against microorganisms. This indicates that the highest microbial effect may not be achieved by plant inoculation with the conventional inocula of effective microbes, but only by biofilmed inoculation....
The aim of the present study was to perform pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and antimicrobial study of seeds of Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed powder. Azadirachta indica seed powder was studied macroscopically and microscopically. WHO recommended parameters were estimated for standardization of seed powder. The quality of powder was evaluated by observing particle size, pH, moisture content, ash values, extractive values. The flow capability of blended powder was calculated by angle of repose, bulk and tap density, Hausner ratio and Carr’s index. Preliminary phythochemical analysis of powders was also carried out to determine the presence of various phytoconstituents. The powder was also evaluated for microbial contamination and test for specific pathogens. The pharmacognostical, physico-chemical and antimicrobial study of Azadirachta indica seed powder is useful in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification....
The objective of drug targeting is to deliver drugs to a specific site of action through a carrier System. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) has proved itself as a magic bullet against many dangerous diseases like cancer (breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer, etc), cardiovascular diseases, bone marrow and organ transplant rejection, Crohn’s disease, Graft-versus-host disease, leukemia and many more diseases. In cancer chemotherapy, cytotoxic drugs kill cancerous cells but also damage normal cells. MAb generated against specific antigens, when conjugated to cytotoxic drugs, can selectively deliver drugs to cancer cells while minimizing damage to normal cells. Of all the carrier systems available, MAb are gaining importance because of their high specificity. MAb has application in many fields such as diagnostic, therapeutic, chemotherapeutic, investigational and analytical. The therapeutic applications of MAb are broadened by combining it with cytotoxic agents. The spectrum of MAb is increasing day by day. It is like “Monoclonal Antibodies” are following the human imagination. In the coming era MAb may open the new areas of clinical research against the life threatening disease like AIDS and cancer. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive account of the use of MAb in drug targeting, highlighting their scope and limitations....
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